Why Do Children With Autism Struggle To Sleep? Expert Weighs In Causes And Ways To Manage It

More than half of children who have autism spectrum disorder have trouble falling or staying asleep, which makes their symptoms worse. According to a report by ETHealthWorld, around 1-1.5 per cent of children aged two to nine years are diagnosed with the disorder – a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. Those with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.

According to experts, sleep is critical for brain development and overall health. Not being able to have restful sleep can impact cognition, mood, and behaviour. Whereas, in those with ASD, lack of sleep affects domains as well. “These issues are also dependent on the environments children are exposed to. They may find it difficult to keep a regular sleep schedule if they live in a chaotic home environment or visit an overstimulating school,” Dr. Sonam Kothari, Expert in Clinical Neurosciences (Pediatric Neurology), and Co-Founder of Butterfly Learning, told Times Now.

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According to experts, even though it is not very clear why or how sleep gets derailed more often in children with autism, a few theories have begun to emerge. Many experts blame malfunctions in the body’s 24-hour biological clock – the circadian rhythm due to dysregulation of the melatonin – involved in controlling the sleep-wake cycle. It is also believed that side effects of ASD medication, too much stimulation at bedtime, or medical disorders ranging from anxiety and epilepsy can lead to sleeplessness.

Understanding the larger implication of ASD on sleep

According to Dr. Kothari, it is important to understand the larger implications of this disorder, especially for the parents and caregivers to promote their child's growth and development. “By exploring different types of autism disorders prevailing in different age groups and how environmental factors play a role, this article aims to offer insights into effective measures that can be taken,” she said.

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Children can be diagnosed with multiple kinds of ASD, some of which are listed below:

Asperger’s Syndrome

This category depicts the mild side of the autism spectrum. Usually, children aged 5-9 years are diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, where they may be highly brilliant and capable of managing their daily lives. “They may be extremely focused on issues that draw their interest and discuss them incessantly. Moreover, they face more difficulties while socializing,” said Dr. Kothari.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

This disorder – also known as Heller's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental illness characterized by the late onset of developmental impairments in language, motor abilities, or social function in children aged 2-4. This is the rarest and most severe part of ASD.

Pervasive Development Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

This is another mild type of ASD, with children exhibiting symptoms like delays in language development, walking, and other motor abilities. “Parents and caregivers can observe these symptoms as early as infancy till they attain 3 years of age,” said Dr. Kothari.

Ways to managing sleep issues in children with Autism

Children with ASD may face several difficulties falling asleep or waking up at night due to extreme sensitivity to touch or sound. In this regard, Dr. Kothari said parents and caregivers can follow some effective strategies to promote better sleep in children. “This may include providing sleep education, making alterations in the sleep environment, executing behavioural interventions, or seeking professional help. By following set bedtimes and wake times, caregivers can regulate their children’s body clock, allowing them to sleep more peacefully,” said Dr. Kothari.

In addition, also limit sugary foods and caffeine close to bedtime while ensuring children have a light and balanced dinner. “This is extremely important as a well-nourished body is well-prepared for uninterrupted and good sleep,” she said.

While all other measures can assist improve sleep in children with ASD, parents, and care givers should also focus on developing an effective and simple communication system with them.