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State Planning Commission details focus areas for improving the forest cover in Tamil Nadu
The Commission has released the Status of Forests in Tamil Nadu, mainly based on the information from the India State of Forest Reports prepared by the Forest Survey of India between 2001 and 2021. Tamil Nadu suffered severe degradation in its growing stock between 2011 and 2021, with a loss of 52.134 m.cum in the recorded forest areas
Severe loss: The Nilgiris was once rich in forest density. It lost 226 sq. km of dense forests and 348 sq. km of moderately dense forests between 2003 and 2011.
| Photo Credit: M. SATHYAMOORTHY
The picturesque Nilgiris, known as the Queen of Hills, was once rich in forest density. Alarmingly, the Nilgiris now tops the table with a loss of 226 sq. km between 2003 and 2011 of dense forests and 348 sq. km of moderately dense forests between 2011-2021. The State Planning Commission has identified policy focus areas to improve the forest cover in Tamil Nadu after analysing 20 years of data. The India State of Forest Reports (ISFR), prepared by the Forest Survey of India between 2001 and 2021, have been used as a major source of information for carrying out the analysis for the report, titled Status of Forests in Tamil Nadu. It has been brought out by the Tamil Nadu State Land Use Research Board of the State Planning Commission.
Identifying priority districts, the report says the policy focus should be on districts that have very less forest cover in terms of area: Chennai, Tiruvarur, Karur, Nagapattinam, and Perambalur. These five districts account for only 1.89% of the State’s forest cover. It also underscores the need to identify the reason for the loss of forest cover in districts like Sivaganga where the cover came down by 20.47% in the last two decades, Vilupuram (13.85%), and Kancheepuram (13.03%).
The report has also highlighted the districts that require attention with respect to the dense, moderately dense, and open forest categories. Apart from the Nilgiris, Erode needs attention as it has lost dense as well as moderately dense forests. Dharmapuri has lost 409 sq. km of open forests. A study has to be initiated immediately to identify the factors that have led to the loss, it says.
Tree cover decreases
The report also notes the steady decrease of tree cover in the State from 2001 to 2021 to an extent of 1,630 sq. km. This may be due to reasons such as urbanisation, increasing development activities, cyclones, drought, and linear development. The government has to closely monitor the small green patches outside the recorded forest area. The share of Tamil Nadu in the national mangrove cover is only 0.9%. Despite the very less extent of mangrove in the State than in the other States, Tamil Nadu has recorded an increase in the mangrove cover from 23 sq. km in 2001 to 49 sq. km in 2017. But the State had lost 4 sq. km of the mangroves between 2017 and 2021.
The ISFR states that Tamil Nadu suffered severe degradation in its growing stock between 2011 and 2021, with a loss of growing stock of 52.134 m.cum in the recorded forest areas. It is a cause for great concern and should be addressed scientifically and practical solutions should be adopted.
Action points
After analysing the data, the Planning Commission has come up with a list of action points to strengthen the forest cover across the districts and segments. Stressing the importance of agro-forestry, the Commission has said it is high time that the consistent efforts were made to increase the tree cover on the farmland and built a robust database on the farmers and the growing stock in their land. This will also help the tree-growing farmers by enhancing their livelihood opportunities. Recommending restoration of the degraded forestland for improving the growing stock and carbon sequestration potential in the natural forests, the Commission has said measures should be taken to improve the remaining areas of the open degraded forest and scrubland through dedicated schemes and focused approach.
Forest Land Restoration (FLR), with the participation of the indigenous and local communities, has to be given priority. The report also suggests a mission like Haritha Haram, a programme initiated by the Telangana government to increase the green cover. Stating that Green Tamil Nadu Mission is expected to cater to this need, the Commission suggests periodical monitoring and evaluation to identify the gaps and address them at the initial stage itself. It also suggests planting of fast-growing native trees, giving preference to the species that have greater carbon sequestration potential.
Ecological restoration of Eastern Ghats
The ecological restoration of the Eastern Ghats in particular should be given more attention. As these tracts of forests are not in a contiguous range, there is a high threat of degradation due to development pressure and the effect of climate change. The Eastern Ghats are rich in forest and other natural resources and a source of a few perennial and semi-perennial streams. Furthermore, allowing degraded natural forests to re-grow is more effective than planting trees in non-forest areas. Protection of the natural forests and recovery of the degraded forests should get more priority, besides planting of trees.
A great threat
The invasive species pose a threat to the forest biodiversity, a problem that requires an immediate scientific intervention. There are some success stories at Kodaikanal and Mudumalai which can be used to arrive at workable solutions for other infested areas, the report says. Protecting the forests from encroachment, fires, and other forms of human interference is essential for increasing the forest cover. Notification of unclassified land will also help in increasing the forest cover as the land will get legal protection. Identification of potential habitats with a good wildlife population, community reserves and conservation reserves are another way to increase the forest cover. In this respect, the government has been proactive in notifying potential forests as protected areas, says the report prepared by Sudha S., IFS, Member-Secretary and Head of Division for Land Use, State Planning Commission; G. Benita Tresa, research associate; and V. Nishalini, senior research fellow.
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