Sunscreens are widely regarded as an essential component of daily skincare, offering vital protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As UV exposure is a leading cause of premature ageing, sunburn, and skin cancer, heading out without sunscreen is unimaginable. However, while the benefits of sunscreens are well-known it is equally important to be aware of the potential risks associated with their use. We got in touch with Dr Ruben Passi, Consultant Dermatologist at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram who shares potential risks and side effects you should be aware of while choosing a sunscreen for you.
Chemical vs. Physical Sunscreens
Dr Ruben shares sunscreens can be broadly classified into chemical and physical (mineral) types. Chemical sunscreens contain organic (carbon-based) compounds that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. Common ingredients include oxybenzone, avobenzone, octinoxate, and homosalate. Physical sunscreens, on the other hand, contain inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which act as a physical barrier, reflecting UV radiation away from the skin.
Potential Risks of Chemical Sunscreens
While chemical sunscreens are popular for their lightweight texture and ease of application, they come with potential risks:
1. Allergic Reactions and Irritation:
Some people may develop allergic reactions or skin irritation from chemical sunscreens. Ingredients such as oxybenzone and octinoxate are known to cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Symptoms can include redness, itching, and rashes.
2. Hormonal Disruption:
Certain chemical ingredients, particularly oxybenzone, have been shown to penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream. There is ongoing debate and research on whether these chemicals can act as endocrine disruptors, potentially affecting hormone levels and reproductive health. However, the evidence remains inconclusive, and regulatory bodies have not yet imposed bans on these ingredients.
3. Environmental Impact:
Chemical sunscreens, particularly those containing oxybenzone and octinoxate, have been found to harm marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs. These chemicals can cause coral bleaching, impair coral growth, and contribute to the degradation of marine life. Some regions, like Hawaii and certain areas in the Caribbean, have banned sunscreens containing these ingredients to protect their marine environments.
Potential Risks of Physical Sunscreens
Physical sunscreens are often considered a safer alternative, particularly for those with sensitive skin, but they also present some concerns:
1. Nanoparticles Concerns:
Physical sunscreens often use nano-sized particles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide to improve their application and reduce the whitening effect on the skin. There are concerns about the potential for these nanoparticles to penetrate the skin and cause cellular damage. However, current research suggests that these particles do not penetrate healthy, intact skin to a significant extent.
2. Skin Sensitivity:
While generally considered safer for sensitive skin, physical sunscreens can still irritate some individuals, especially if the formulation is not suitable for their skin type. Additionally, the thicker consistency can be uncomfortable for some users, leading to less frequent application.
General Considerations To Keep In Mind
1. Broad-Spectrum Protection:
Ensure that your sunscreen provides broad-spectrum protection, guarding against both UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are primarily responsible for sunburn, while UVA rays penetrate deeper, contributing to premature ageing and skin cancer.
2. SPF Level:
Choose a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 for adequate protection. Higher SPF levels provide greater protection but also require more frequent reapplication, particularly after swimming or sweating.
3. Proper Application:
Regardless of the type of sunscreen used, applying it correctly is crucial. Apply generously and reapply every two hours, or more often if swimming or sweating. Cover all exposed skin, and don’t forget areas like the ears, back of the neck, and tops of the feet.